Acute hemodynamic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation

In the United States, there are about 17.6 million patients suffer from symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD), affecting 7.9% of adults ≥20 years of age. An estimated 10.2 million patients have angina, and 500,000 patients will develop new angina pectoris each year. A subset of angina patients are categorized as refractory when symptoms continue despite optimal medical therapy and revascularization. Routine daily activities become impossible without experiencing chest pain in this patient population.