2020 Vol. 17, No. 2
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2020, 17(2): 67-73.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.003
Abstract:
Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and the extent of CAC is closely related to cardiovascular outcomes in ESRD patients. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), as a component of the vascular matrix, has been found to be an inhibitor of arterial calcification in basic studies. However, there is no clinical research on the correlation between COMP and CAC in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum COMP levels and CAC and cardiovascular events in MHD patients. Methods Serum COMP levels were compared between 54 MHD patients and 66 healthy people. MHD patients were then divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the concentration of COMP level and were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which were defined as a combined end point of new onset angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery revascularization, hospitalization due to angina pectoris and all-cause deaths. The CAC score was calculated based on computed tomography scans. Results The serum COMP level in MHD patients was significantly higher than that in the general population [984.23 (248.43–1902.61) ng/mL vs. 219.01 (97.26–821.92) ng/mL, P r = 0.313, P = 0.021) and serum parathyroid hormone in MHD patients (r = 0.359, P β = 0.424, t = 3.130, P P = 0.030, 95% CI: 0.526–0.882]. After a median follow-up of 16 months (8–24 months), there was no difference in the incidence rate of MACEs between the upper, middle and lower serum COMP groups. Conclusions Our study found that MHD patients have higher levels of circulating COMP than controls. The serum COMP level is positively correlated with CAC score and could be used as a biomarker of severe CAC in MHD patients. However, there is no obvious correlation between serum COMP levels and the incidence of cardiovascular events.
Background Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is common in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and the extent of CAC is closely related to cardiovascular outcomes in ESRD patients. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), as a component of the vascular matrix, has been found to be an inhibitor of arterial calcification in basic studies. However, there is no clinical research on the correlation between COMP and CAC in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum COMP levels and CAC and cardiovascular events in MHD patients. Methods Serum COMP levels were compared between 54 MHD patients and 66 healthy people. MHD patients were then divided into three groups according to the tertiles of the concentration of COMP level and were followed up for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which were defined as a combined end point of new onset angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery revascularization, hospitalization due to angina pectoris and all-cause deaths. The CAC score was calculated based on computed tomography scans. Results The serum COMP level in MHD patients was significantly higher than that in the general population [984.23 (248.43–1902.61) ng/mL vs. 219.01 (97.26–821.92) ng/mL, P r = 0.313, P = 0.021) and serum parathyroid hormone in MHD patients (r = 0.359, P β = 0.424, t = 3.130, P P = 0.030, 95% CI: 0.526–0.882]. After a median follow-up of 16 months (8–24 months), there was no difference in the incidence rate of MACEs between the upper, middle and lower serum COMP groups. Conclusions Our study found that MHD patients have higher levels of circulating COMP than controls. The serum COMP level is positively correlated with CAC score and could be used as a biomarker of severe CAC in MHD patients. However, there is no obvious correlation between serum COMP levels and the incidence of cardiovascular events.
2020, 17(2): 74-84.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.002
Abstract:
Objective To examine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), its impacts on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, and the associations between AF and inflammatory and serum biomarkers in a population-based sample of Muscovites. Methods The study is a secondary analysis of data from the Stress, Aging and Health in Russia (SAHR) survey that includes information on 1800 individuals with an average age of 68.5 years at baseline, and on their subsequent mortality during 7.4 years on average. AF is detected by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24-hour Holter monitoring. The statistical analysis includes proportional hazard and logistic regression models. Results Of the 1732 participants with relevant Holter data, AF was detected in 100 (74 by ECG and Holter, 26 by Holter only). The prevalence of AF was 5.8% for men and 7.4% for women. The fully adjusted model showed strongly elevated hazard of CVD and all-cause mortality in men and women with long non-self-limiting AF (LAF). LAF was found to be negatively associated with elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and to be positively associated with elevated markers of inflammation in women. Conclusions The study assessed for the first time the prevalence and the risks of death related to AF among older Russians. LAF was shown to be a strong and independent predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality. AF is unlikely to contribute to the large excess male mortality in Russia. The finding that one-quarter of AF cases were detected only by Holter monitoring demonstrates the usefulness of diagnostics with prolonged ECG registration.
Objective To examine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), its impacts on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, and the associations between AF and inflammatory and serum biomarkers in a population-based sample of Muscovites. Methods The study is a secondary analysis of data from the Stress, Aging and Health in Russia (SAHR) survey that includes information on 1800 individuals with an average age of 68.5 years at baseline, and on their subsequent mortality during 7.4 years on average. AF is detected by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24-hour Holter monitoring. The statistical analysis includes proportional hazard and logistic regression models. Results Of the 1732 participants with relevant Holter data, AF was detected in 100 (74 by ECG and Holter, 26 by Holter only). The prevalence of AF was 5.8% for men and 7.4% for women. The fully adjusted model showed strongly elevated hazard of CVD and all-cause mortality in men and women with long non-self-limiting AF (LAF). LAF was found to be negatively associated with elevated total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and to be positively associated with elevated markers of inflammation in women. Conclusions The study assessed for the first time the prevalence and the risks of death related to AF among older Russians. LAF was shown to be a strong and independent predictor of CVD and all-cause mortality. AF is unlikely to contribute to the large excess male mortality in Russia. The finding that one-quarter of AF cases were detected only by Holter monitoring demonstrates the usefulness of diagnostics with prolonged ECG registration.
2020, 17(2): 85-95.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.001
Abstract:
Background In China, lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity (PA). We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level [150 minutes per week (min/wk) of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination] on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese population. Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events and its subtypes, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and CVD death. Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years (range: 6–15 years), 777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed. Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of developing CVD was 0.74 (0.69–0.79) for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level at baseline. Furthermore, the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA (Ptrend Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk. Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.
Background In China, lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity (PA). We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level [150 minutes per week (min/wk) of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination] on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese population. Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events and its subtypes, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and CVD death. Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years (range: 6–15 years), 777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed. Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of developing CVD was 0.74 (0.69–0.79) for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level at baseline. Furthermore, the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA (Ptrend Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk. Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population.
2020, 17(2): 96-104.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.008
Abstract:
Background Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is the most common target organ damage in hypertension. Previously, our study found that plasma microRNA-29a (miR-29a) level was associated with the LV remodeling in hypertensive patients. However, the causal relationship between miR-29a and LV remodeling remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulation mechanism of miR-29a in LV remodeling. Methods & Results Overexpression and knockdown miR-29a mice were generated by tail-intravenous injection of miR-29a-mimic and inhibitor lentivirus for one week respectively. Then the mice were subjected to angiotensin-II (AngII) induced LV remodeling by subcutaneous AngII capsule osmotic pumping into AngII for four weeks. AngII-induced LV remodeling mice as the model group (n = 9). Age-matched male SPF C57/BL6J mice (6–8 weeks old) were treated with the pumping of saline as a vehicle (n = 6). In vivo, overexpression miR-29a ameliorated AngII-induced LV remodeling, while knockdown miR-29a deteriorated LV remodeling. Simultaneously, we observed that overexpression miR-29a mice inhibited but knockdown miR-29a mice increased cardiac cross-sectional area, indicating that miR-29a has an antagonistic effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Further studies found that overexpression miR-29a inhibited the content of the LV collagen including collagen I and III. Moreover, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 decreased with the down-regulation of collagen I and III in overexpression miR-29a mice. Conclusions Our finding indicates that overexpression miR-29a attenuates LV remodeling by inhibiting collagen deposition, TGF-β, and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 expression. Thus, intervention miR-29a may be a therapeutic target for attenuating LV remodeling.
Background Left ventricular (LV) remodeling is the most common target organ damage in hypertension. Previously, our study found that plasma microRNA-29a (miR-29a) level was associated with the LV remodeling in hypertensive patients. However, the causal relationship between miR-29a and LV remodeling remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the regulation mechanism of miR-29a in LV remodeling. Methods & Results Overexpression and knockdown miR-29a mice were generated by tail-intravenous injection of miR-29a-mimic and inhibitor lentivirus for one week respectively. Then the mice were subjected to angiotensin-II (AngII) induced LV remodeling by subcutaneous AngII capsule osmotic pumping into AngII for four weeks. AngII-induced LV remodeling mice as the model group (n = 9). Age-matched male SPF C57/BL6J mice (6–8 weeks old) were treated with the pumping of saline as a vehicle (n = 6). In vivo, overexpression miR-29a ameliorated AngII-induced LV remodeling, while knockdown miR-29a deteriorated LV remodeling. Simultaneously, we observed that overexpression miR-29a mice inhibited but knockdown miR-29a mice increased cardiac cross-sectional area, indicating that miR-29a has an antagonistic effect on cardiac hypertrophy. Further studies found that overexpression miR-29a inhibited the content of the LV collagen including collagen I and III. Moreover, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 decreased with the down-regulation of collagen I and III in overexpression miR-29a mice. Conclusions Our finding indicates that overexpression miR-29a attenuates LV remodeling by inhibiting collagen deposition, TGF-β, and phosphorylated SMAD2/3 expression. Thus, intervention miR-29a may be a therapeutic target for attenuating LV remodeling.
2020, 17(2): 105-109.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.007
Abstract:
Both the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty are increasing with age, and they often occur simultaneously, leading them to become the central concerns in this aging society. The incidence of frailty in patients with AF is highly variable, ranging from 4.4% to 75.4%, depending on different evaluating instruments used. Moreover, the incidence of frailty among patients with AF is on the rise, which indicated that patients with AF are more prone to frailty compared to patients without AF. The relationship between AF and frailty is complicated. Frailty elevates the risk of stroke and mortality in AF patients and is also associated with longer hospitalizations. On the other hand, it may reduce the appropriate anticoagulation in AF patients. However, the evidence of the effects of frailty on anti-arrhythmic and interventional therapy in patients with AF is scarce. Frailty affects both the management and the prognosis of AF in the geriatric population. Vice versa, AF could worsen the frail state and may represent a marker of frailty. However, there are still questions need to be resolved, for example, the impact of frailty on the interventional therapy of patients with AF. Therefore, the geriatric assessment of frailty should be considered when planning individualized management of AF in older patients.
Both the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and frailty are increasing with age, and they often occur simultaneously, leading them to become the central concerns in this aging society. The incidence of frailty in patients with AF is highly variable, ranging from 4.4% to 75.4%, depending on different evaluating instruments used. Moreover, the incidence of frailty among patients with AF is on the rise, which indicated that patients with AF are more prone to frailty compared to patients without AF. The relationship between AF and frailty is complicated. Frailty elevates the risk of stroke and mortality in AF patients and is also associated with longer hospitalizations. On the other hand, it may reduce the appropriate anticoagulation in AF patients. However, the evidence of the effects of frailty on anti-arrhythmic and interventional therapy in patients with AF is scarce. Frailty affects both the management and the prognosis of AF in the geriatric population. Vice versa, AF could worsen the frail state and may represent a marker of frailty. However, there are still questions need to be resolved, for example, the impact of frailty on the interventional therapy of patients with AF. Therefore, the geriatric assessment of frailty should be considered when planning individualized management of AF in older patients.
2020, 17(2): 110-115.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.005
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2020, 17(2): 116-119.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.004
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2020, 17(2): 120-123.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.006
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2020, 17(2): 124-124.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.009
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2020, 17(2): 125-125.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2020.02.010
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