ISSN 1671-5411 CN 11-5329/R

2019 Vol. 16, No. 10

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Influence of cognitive impairment on cardiac mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in very elderly patients: a retrospective observational study
Tomoko Tomioka, Ryokichi Takahashi, Yosuke Ikumi, Shuhei Tanaka, Yoshitaka Ito, Hiroki Shioiri, Jiro Koyama, Kanichi Inoue
2019, 16(10): 733-740. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.005
Abstract(513)
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Background Cognitive impairment (CI) increases cardiac mortality among very elderly patients. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients is considered a favorable strategy for decreasing cardiac mortality. Here, we investigated the influence of CI on cardiac mortality after PCI in very elderly patients. Methods We performed a retrospective observational analysis of patients who received PCI between 2012 and 2014 at the South Miyagi Medical Center, Japan. IHD patients over 80 years old who underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination for CI screening during hospitalization and/or who had been diagnosed with CI were included. Participants were divided into CI and non-CI groups, and cardiac mortality and incidence of adverse cardiac events in a 3-year follow-up period were compared between groups. Statistical analyses were performed using the t test, χ2 test, and multivariable Cox regression analysis, with major comorbid illness and conventional cardiac risk factors as confounders. Results Of 565 patients, 95 were included (41 CI, 54 non-CI). Cardiac mortality during the follow-up period was significantly higher in the CI group (36%) compared with the non-CI group (13%) (OR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.56–11.82, P Conclusions CI significantly affected cardiac prognosis after PCI in very elderly patients, particularly those living with a CI partner. To improve patients’ prognoses, social background should be considered alongside conventional medical measures.
Invasive versus conservative strategy in consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective study in China
Yong-Gang SUI, Si-Yong TENG, Jie QIAN, Yuan WU, Ke-Fei DOU, Yi-Da TANG, Shu-Bin QIAO, Yong-Jian WU
2019, 16(10): 741-748. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.006
Abstract(1036)
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Objective To investigate whether the very elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) will benefit from an invasive strategy versus a conservative strategy. Methods 190 consecutive patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI were included in the retrospective study from September 2014 to August 2017, of which 69 patients received conservative strategy and 121 patients received invasive strategy. The primary outcome was death. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the statistical association between strategies and mortality. The survival probability was further analyzed. Results The primary outcome occurred in 17.4% patients in the invasive group and in 42.0% patients in the conservative group (P = 0.0002). The readmission rate in the invasive group (14.9%) was higher than that in the conservative group (7.2%). Creatinine level (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.10–1.03, P = 0.05) and use of diuretic (OR = 3.65, 95% CI: 1.56–8.53, P = 0.003) were independent influential factors for invasive strategy. HRs for multivariate Cox regression models were 3.45 (95% CI: 1.77–6.75, P = 0.0003), 3.02 (95% CI: 1.52–6.01, P = 0.0017), 2.93 (95% CI: 1. 46–5.86, P = 0.0024) and 2.47 (95% CI: 1.20–5.07, P = 0.0137). Compared with the patients received invasive strategy, the conservative group had remarkably reduced survival probability with time since treatment (P Conclusions An invasive strategy is superior to a conservative strategy in reducing mortality of patients aged 80 years or older with NSTEMI. Our results suggest that an invasive strategy is more suitable for the very elderly patients with NSTEMI in China.
Predictors of adherence to home-based cardiac rehabilitation program among coronary artery disease outpatients in China
Cheng GE, Jing MA, Yong XU, Ya-Jun SHI, Cheng-Hui ZHAO, Ling GAO, Jing BAI, Yu WANG, Zhi-Jun SUN, Jun GUO, Yun-Dai CHEN
2019, 16(10): 749-755. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.003
Abstract(776)
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Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has proven beneficial for patients with coronary artery disease. However, adherence to CR programs is the key to the health improvement in those patients. Identifying predictors for adherence, which is very much unknown in China, would be valuable for effective rehabilitation. This study aims to determine the adherence to home-based CR programs in Chinese coronary artery disease patients and determine predictors of adherence. Methods The current study included 1033 outpatients with coronary heart disease in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital in Beijing from July 2015 to June 2017. Participants were given an exercise prescription and took part in home-based exercise training lasting for 3–24 months. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the completion of the CR program, understanding of the program, motivation of the patients, and family/peer support. Results Two thirds of the patients adhered well to the home-based CR program. Elder patients (≥ 65-year-old) adhere to the program better, while men adhered better than women. Patients who used to exercise (B = 6.756, P B = 0.078, P = 0.002), with stronger motivation to participate (B = 0.376, P B = 0.487, P Conclusions Understanding the program, self-motivation of patients, and family support help to keep patients engaged in a home-based CR program. Improvement of family support by educating both patients and families may be helpful in improving adherence to home-based CR programs.
Prevalence and prognostic implications of sarcopenia in older patients with coronary heart disease
Ning ZHANG, Wen-Ling ZHU, Xiao-Hong LIU, Wei CHEN, Ming-Lei ZHU, Lin KANG, Ran TIAN
2019, 16(10): 756-763. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.002
Abstract(692)
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Background Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. However, there have been few systematic studies of the prevalence and prognostic values of sarcopenia in older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in hospitalized older patients with CHD, and to prospectively evaluate the effect of sarcopenia on the short-term prognosis of these patients. Methods Patients aged ≥ 65 years, with the diagnosis of CHD from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between December 2017 and November 2018, were included. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to consensus of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2014. Follow-up items included unscheduled return visits, occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE), and all-cause mortality. The MACCE-free survival curve of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older patients with CHD was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the association between sarcopenia and an unscheduled return visits, MACCE, and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 345 older patients with CHD were enrolled in the study, with a median age of 74 years. Among the patients, 78 (22.6%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. During the follow-up time, there were significantly more unscheduled return visits in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients (34.2% vs. 21.8%, χ2 = 4.418, P = 0.036), while there was no significant difference in the occurrence of MACCE (χ2 = 2.869, P = 0.09) or all-cause mortality (χ2 = 1.673, P = 0.196) between these patient groups. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the MACCE-free survival time of sarcopenic patients was significantly shorter than that in non-sarcopenic patients (χ2 = 4.102, P = 0.043). After adjusting for sex, age, and the Charlson comorbidity index, sarcopenia was not an independent risk factor of unscheduled return visits (HR = 1.002, 95% CI: 0.556–1.807). However, the complication of anxiety and depression was an independent risk factor (HR = 1.876, 95% CI: 1.012–3.477, P = 0.046) for unscheduled return visits in older patients with CHD. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of sarcopenia among hospitalized older adults with CHD. A shorter MACCE-free survival time and more unscheduled return visits are found in sarcopenic older patients with CHD. Clinicians should pay more attention to the functional status of older patients with CHD, as well as identification and management of geriatric syndromes.
Qishen capsule safely boosts cardiac function and angiogenesis via the MEK/ERK pathway in a rat myocardial infarction model
Cai-Xia GUO, Zhi-Yuan LI, Jin-Bang NIU, Shuan-Cheng FAN, Si-Yu YAN, Pei-Pei LU, Yan-Ni SU, Li-Hong MA
2019, 16(10): 764-774. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.008
Abstract(480)
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Background Qishen (QS) capsules, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been widely used to treat coronary heart disease in China. However, evidence of its effectiveness remains unclear. Methods To explore whether QS has cardioprotective efficacy and/or promotes angiogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), we performed experiments in a preclinical rat MI model. One month after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, the rats received either QS solution (0.4 g/kg/day) or the same volume of saline by intragastric injection for four weeks. Results Echocardiographic and hemodynamic analyses demonstrated relatively preserved cardiac function in MI rats administered QS. Indeed, QS treatment was associated with reduced infarct scar size and heart weight index, and these beneficial effects were responsible for enhancing angiogenesis. Mechanistically, QS treatment increased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and downregulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK). Conclusions QS therapy can improve the cardiac function of rats after MI by an underlying mechanism involving increased angiogenesis, at least partially via activation of the Akt signaling pathway and inhibition of MEK/ERK phosphorylation.
The relation between serum phosphorus levels and long-term mortality in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Guo-Hua ZHU, Xi-Peng SUN, Zhi LIU, Zhen-Xing FAN, Yan-Ling WANG, Jing TAN, Jing LI, Qi HUA
2019, 16(10): 775-781. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.004
Abstract(579)
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Background Elevated serum phosphorus levels may be associated with adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relation between serum phosphorus levels and risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had preserved renal function at baseline. Methods We enrolled patients with STEMI who had preserved renal function at baseline in Xuanwu Hospital from January 2011 to December 2016. Those patients were divided into four groups based on serum phosphorus levels. All-cause mortality rates were compared between groups. Mean duration of follow up was 54.6 months. We used Cox proportional-hazards models to examine the relation between serum phosphorus levels and all-cause mortality after adjustment for potential confounders. Results 1989 patients were involved and 211 patients (10.6%) died during follow-up. Based on serum phosphorus levels, patients were categorized into the following groups: n = 89), 2.51–3.50 mg/dL (n = 1066), 3.51–4.50 mg/dL (n = 672) and > 4.50 mg/dL (n = 162), respectively. The lowest mortality occurred in patients with serum phosphorus levels between 2.51–3.50 mg/dL, with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% CI: 0.64–1.54), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.74), and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.35–1.83) in patients with serum phosphorus levels of 4.50 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusions Elevated serum phosphorus levels were associated with all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with STEMI who had preserved renal function at baseline.
Effects of a short-term alirocumab administration on the aortic stiffness: preliminary results
Feola Mauro, Ferreri Cinzia, Rossi Arianna, Testa Marzia, Ruocco Gaetano, Francesco Tassone
2019, 16(10): 782-784. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.001
Abstract(354)
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Identification of two novel GATA6 mutations in an adult with acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation: a case report
Zhao-Qing SUN, Ying-Hua CUI, Bo YAN
2019, 16(10): 785-788. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.009
Abstract(429)
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PR-segment depression during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation: a case report
Ming LIANG, Yang LV, Zu-Lu WANG, Gui-Tang YANG, Ming-Yu SUN, Zhi-Qing JIN, Jian DING, Ya-Ling HAN
2019, 16(10): 789-792. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2019.10.007
Abstract(481)
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