2018 Vol. 15, No. 9
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2018, 15(9): 559-566.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.009
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Background The Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX)-score is a validated tool for risk stratification and revascularization strategy selection in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyse its age-related prognostic value. Methods SYNTAX-score was calculated in 1331 all-comer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): 463 patients ≥ 75 years and 868 patients Results A significant interaction of age and SYNTAX-score for mortality was observed at two-year (Pinteraction = 0.019) but not at one-year follow-up (Pinteraction = 0.594). In multivariable analysis, SYNTAX-score independently predicted 1-year mortality in both age groups (P = 0.034; and ≥ 75 years, HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.85, P = 0.042), but only 2-year mortality among younger patients (P = 0.041; and ≥ 75 years, HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.87–1.41, P = 0.394). SYNTAX-score tertiles were useful to stratify 1-year mortality in both, patients P = 0.004) and ≥ 75 years (SYNTAX-score P = 0.003), but 2-year mortality only among patients P P = 0.138). Conclusions Age modifies the impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after PCI. Among patients < 75 years, the SYNTAX-score independently predicts the risk of death at one and two years after PCI, while among patients ≥ 75 years its predictive role is limited to the first year after PCI. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of SYNTAX-score for selecting the most appropriate revascularization strategy among elderly patients.
Background The Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX)-score is a validated tool for risk stratification and revascularization strategy selection in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyse its age-related prognostic value. Methods SYNTAX-score was calculated in 1331 all-comer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): 463 patients ≥ 75 years and 868 patients Results A significant interaction of age and SYNTAX-score for mortality was observed at two-year (Pinteraction = 0.019) but not at one-year follow-up (Pinteraction = 0.594). In multivariable analysis, SYNTAX-score independently predicted 1-year mortality in both age groups (P = 0.034; and ≥ 75 years, HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.01–1.85, P = 0.042), but only 2-year mortality among younger patients (P = 0.041; and ≥ 75 years, HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.87–1.41, P = 0.394). SYNTAX-score tertiles were useful to stratify 1-year mortality in both, patients P = 0.004) and ≥ 75 years (SYNTAX-score P = 0.003), but 2-year mortality only among patients P P = 0.138). Conclusions Age modifies the impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after PCI. Among patients < 75 years, the SYNTAX-score independently predicts the risk of death at one and two years after PCI, while among patients ≥ 75 years its predictive role is limited to the first year after PCI. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of SYNTAX-score for selecting the most appropriate revascularization strategy among elderly patients.
2018, 15(9): 567-573.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.006
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Background Disturbed circadian rhythm is a potential cause of delirium and is linked to disorganisation of the circadian rhythmicity. Dynamic light (DL) could reset the circadian rhythm by activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prevent delirium. Evidence regarding the effects of light therapy is predominantly focused on psychiatric disorders and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of DL on the total hospital length of stay (LOS) and occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients older than 18 years, who were hospitalized longer than 12 h at the CCU and had a total hospital LOS for at least 24 h, were included. Patients were assigned to a room with DL (n = 369) or regular lighting conditions (n = 379). DL was administered at the CCU by two ceiling-mounted light panels delivering light with a colour temperature between 2700 and 6500 degrees Kelvin. Reported outcome data were: total hospital LOS, delirium incidence, consultation of a geriatrician and the amount of prescripted antipsychotics. Results Between May 2015 and May 2016, data from 748 patients were collected. Baseline characteristics, including risk factors provoking delirium, were equal in both groups. Median total hospital LOS in the DL group was 100.5 (70.8–186.0) and 101.0 (73.0–176.4) h in the control group (P = 0.935). The incidence of delirium in the DL and control group was 5.4% (20/369) and 5.0% (19/379), respectively (P = 0.802). No significant differences between the DL and control group were observed in secondary endpoints. Subgroup analysis based on age and CCU LOS also showed no differences. Conclusion Our study suggests exposure to DL as an early single approach does not result in a reduction of total hospital LOS or reduced incidence of delirium. When delirium was diagnosed, it was associated with poor hospital outcome.
Background Disturbed circadian rhythm is a potential cause of delirium and is linked to disorganisation of the circadian rhythmicity. Dynamic light (DL) could reset the circadian rhythm by activation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus to prevent delirium. Evidence regarding the effects of light therapy is predominantly focused on psychiatric disorders and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this study, we investigated the effect of DL on the total hospital length of stay (LOS) and occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to the Coronary Care Unit (CCU). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients older than 18 years, who were hospitalized longer than 12 h at the CCU and had a total hospital LOS for at least 24 h, were included. Patients were assigned to a room with DL (n = 369) or regular lighting conditions (n = 379). DL was administered at the CCU by two ceiling-mounted light panels delivering light with a colour temperature between 2700 and 6500 degrees Kelvin. Reported outcome data were: total hospital LOS, delirium incidence, consultation of a geriatrician and the amount of prescripted antipsychotics. Results Between May 2015 and May 2016, data from 748 patients were collected. Baseline characteristics, including risk factors provoking delirium, were equal in both groups. Median total hospital LOS in the DL group was 100.5 (70.8–186.0) and 101.0 (73.0–176.4) h in the control group (P = 0.935). The incidence of delirium in the DL and control group was 5.4% (20/369) and 5.0% (19/379), respectively (P = 0.802). No significant differences between the DL and control group were observed in secondary endpoints. Subgroup analysis based on age and CCU LOS also showed no differences. Conclusion Our study suggests exposure to DL as an early single approach does not result in a reduction of total hospital LOS or reduced incidence of delirium. When delirium was diagnosed, it was associated with poor hospital outcome.
2018, 15(9): 574-584.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.005
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Objectives To evaluate the age-related one-year major adverse cardiocerebrovascular events (MACCE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We analyzed the association between age and one-year MACCE after AMI. Methods A total of 13,104 AMI patients from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institue of Health (KAMIR-NIH) between November 2011 and December 2015 were classified into four groups according to age (Group I, n = 4199; Group II, 60-70 years, n = 2577; Group III; 70-80 years, n = 2774; Group IV, ≥ 80 years, n = 1018). Patients were analyzed for one-year composite of MACCE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, cerebrovascular events) after AMI. Results The one-year MACCE in AMI were 3.5% (Group I), 6.3% (Group II), 9.6% (Group III) and 17.6% (Group IV). After adjustment for confounding parameters, the analysis results showed that patients with AMI had incremental risk of one-year MACCE [Group II, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1.224, 95% CI: 0.965-1.525, P = 0.096; Group III, aHR = 1.316, 95% CI: 1.037-1.671, P = 0.024; Group IV, aHR = 1.975, 95% CI: 1.500-62.601, P P = 0.106; Group III, aHR = 1.575, 95% CI: 1.122-2.210, P = 0.009; Group IV, aHR = 2.803, 95% CI: 1.937-4.054, P Conclusions Despite advanced techniques and medications for PCI in AMI, age still exerts a powerful influence in clinical outcomes. Careful approaches, even in the modern era of developed cardiology are needed for aged-population in AMI interven?tion.
Objectives To evaluate the age-related one-year major adverse cardiocerebrovascular events (MACCE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We analyzed the association between age and one-year MACCE after AMI. Methods A total of 13,104 AMI patients from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institue of Health (KAMIR-NIH) between November 2011 and December 2015 were classified into four groups according to age (Group I, n = 4199; Group II, 60-70 years, n = 2577; Group III; 70-80 years, n = 2774; Group IV, ≥ 80 years, n = 1018). Patients were analyzed for one-year composite of MACCE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, cerebrovascular events) after AMI. Results The one-year MACCE in AMI were 3.5% (Group I), 6.3% (Group II), 9.6% (Group III) and 17.6% (Group IV). After adjustment for confounding parameters, the analysis results showed that patients with AMI had incremental risk of one-year MACCE [Group II, adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 1.224, 95% CI: 0.965-1.525, P = 0.096; Group III, aHR = 1.316, 95% CI: 1.037-1.671, P = 0.024; Group IV, aHR = 1.975, 95% CI: 1.500-62.601, P P = 0.106; Group III, aHR = 1.575, 95% CI: 1.122-2.210, P = 0.009; Group IV, aHR = 2.803, 95% CI: 1.937-4.054, P Conclusions Despite advanced techniques and medications for PCI in AMI, age still exerts a powerful influence in clinical outcomes. Careful approaches, even in the modern era of developed cardiology are needed for aged-population in AMI interven?tion.
2018, 15(9): 585-590.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.001
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Background Transradial access for coronary catheterization is more technically challenging compared to the traditional transfemoral approach and radial access failure is quite common. The aim of this study is to describe the additional steps after initial radial access site failure in a high specialized forearm approach center. Methods A retrospective evaluation of all coronary catheterizations performed in our Department between January 2016 and December 2016 was performed, with focus on arterial access. Results One thousand three hundred forty six procedures were evaluated. The initial access site used was right radial [1173 procedures (87.1%)], left radial [120 procedures (8.9%)], right ulnar [7 procedures (0.5%)], left ulnar [40 procedures (2.9%)] and femoral approach [6 procedures (0.4%)]. Radial artery cannulation failure was observed in 37 procedures (2.9% of 1293 procedures with initial radial approach). Failure of procedure completion after successful radial sheath insertion was observed in 46 procedures (3.6%). The alternative access site after initial radial approach failure was contralateral radial [43 procedures (51.8%)], ipsilateral ulnar [22 procedures (26.5%), contralateral ulnar [12 patients (14.5%)] and femoral approach [6 procedures (7.2%)]. Conclusion Forearm arteries can be used as alternative access site after initial radial approach failure in order to reduce the use of femoral approach during cardiac catheterization.
Background Transradial access for coronary catheterization is more technically challenging compared to the traditional transfemoral approach and radial access failure is quite common. The aim of this study is to describe the additional steps after initial radial access site failure in a high specialized forearm approach center. Methods A retrospective evaluation of all coronary catheterizations performed in our Department between January 2016 and December 2016 was performed, with focus on arterial access. Results One thousand three hundred forty six procedures were evaluated. The initial access site used was right radial [1173 procedures (87.1%)], left radial [120 procedures (8.9%)], right ulnar [7 procedures (0.5%)], left ulnar [40 procedures (2.9%)] and femoral approach [6 procedures (0.4%)]. Radial artery cannulation failure was observed in 37 procedures (2.9% of 1293 procedures with initial radial approach). Failure of procedure completion after successful radial sheath insertion was observed in 46 procedures (3.6%). The alternative access site after initial radial approach failure was contralateral radial [43 procedures (51.8%)], ipsilateral ulnar [22 procedures (26.5%), contralateral ulnar [12 patients (14.5%)] and femoral approach [6 procedures (7.2%)]. Conclusion Forearm arteries can be used as alternative access site after initial radial approach failure in order to reduce the use of femoral approach during cardiac catheterization.
2018, 15(9): 591-597.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.002
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Background Nicorandil (NIC) is a vasodilatory drug used to treat angina. However, its efficacy of cardioprotection in coronary microembolization (CME) is largely unknown. This study was undertaken to determine whether nicorandil pretreatment could attenuate myocardial apoptosis and improve cardiac function after CME in rats. Methods Forty-five rats were randomly divided into a Sham group, a CME group and a CME + NIC (NIC) group (n = 15 per group). CME was established by injecting plastic microspheres (42 μm in diameter) into the left ventricle of the rats in all of the groups except the Sham group. The NIC group received nicorandil at 3 mg/kg per day for seven days before the operation. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-9/8/3 were detected by Western blot, microinfarction area was measured by haematoxylin-basic fuchsin picric acid staining, and myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Results Compared to that in the Sham group, cardiac function in the CME group was significantly decreased (P P P P Conclusions NIC pretreatment inhibited CME-induced myocardial apoptosis and improved cardiac function through blockade of the mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways.
Background Nicorandil (NIC) is a vasodilatory drug used to treat angina. However, its efficacy of cardioprotection in coronary microembolization (CME) is largely unknown. This study was undertaken to determine whether nicorandil pretreatment could attenuate myocardial apoptosis and improve cardiac function after CME in rats. Methods Forty-five rats were randomly divided into a Sham group, a CME group and a CME + NIC (NIC) group (n = 15 per group). CME was established by injecting plastic microspheres (42 μm in diameter) into the left ventricle of the rats in all of the groups except the Sham group. The NIC group received nicorandil at 3 mg/kg per day for seven days before the operation. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-9/8/3 were detected by Western blot, microinfarction area was measured by haematoxylin-basic fuchsin picric acid staining, and myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Results Compared to that in the Sham group, cardiac function in the CME group was significantly decreased (P P P P Conclusions NIC pretreatment inhibited CME-induced myocardial apoptosis and improved cardiac function through blockade of the mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathways.
2018, 15(9): 598-604.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.004
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Background High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for chronic cardiac disease. However，mounting evidence supports that high BMI is associated with less risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality compared with normal BMI, also known as the obesity paradox. Therefore, we sought to determine the existence of the obesity paradox in regard to perioperative 30-day cardiac events among elderly Chinese patients with known coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods A post-hoc analysis of a prospective, multi-institutional cohort study was performed. Patients aged > 60 years with a history of coronary artery disease and undergoing non-cardiac surgery were grouped according to BMI: underweight (2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Demographic information, perioperative clinical variables and incidence of 30-day postoperative cardiac adverse event were retrieved from a research database. Results We identified 1202 eligible patients (BMI: 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2). Across BMI groups, a U-shaped distribution pattern of incidence of 30-day postoperative major cardiac events was observed, with the lowest risk in the overweight group. When using the normal-weight group as a reference, no difference was found in either the obesity or overweight groups in terms of a major cardiac adverse event (MACE). However, risk of a 30-day postoperative MACE was significantly higher in the underweight group (odds ratio [OR] 2.916, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.072–7.931, P = 0.036). Conclusion Although not statistically significant, the U-shaped relation between BMI and cardiac complications indicates the obesity paradox possibly exists.
Background High body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for chronic cardiac disease. However，mounting evidence supports that high BMI is associated with less risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality compared with normal BMI, also known as the obesity paradox. Therefore, we sought to determine the existence of the obesity paradox in regard to perioperative 30-day cardiac events among elderly Chinese patients with known coronary artery disease undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods A post-hoc analysis of a prospective, multi-institutional cohort study was performed. Patients aged > 60 years with a history of coronary artery disease and undergoing non-cardiac surgery were grouped according to BMI: underweight (2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥ 30 kg/m2). Demographic information, perioperative clinical variables and incidence of 30-day postoperative cardiac adverse event were retrieved from a research database. Results We identified 1202 eligible patients (BMI: 24.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2). Across BMI groups, a U-shaped distribution pattern of incidence of 30-day postoperative major cardiac events was observed, with the lowest risk in the overweight group. When using the normal-weight group as a reference, no difference was found in either the obesity or overweight groups in terms of a major cardiac adverse event (MACE). However, risk of a 30-day postoperative MACE was significantly higher in the underweight group (odds ratio [OR] 2.916, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.072–7.931, P = 0.036). Conclusion Although not statistically significant, the U-shaped relation between BMI and cardiac complications indicates the obesity paradox possibly exists.
2018, 15(9): 605-608.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.010
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2018, 15(9): 609-610.
doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2018.09.007
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